Save Energy and Money with ASHRAE 90.1-2016 PDF: Download for Free
ASHRAE 90.1: A Guide to the Energy Standard for Buildings
If you are involved in the design, construction, or operation of buildings, you may have heard of ASHRAE 90.1, the energy standard for buildings except low-rise residential buildings. But what is ASHRAE 90.1 exactly and why is it important? How can you comply with it and where can you download it for free? In this article, we will answer these questions and more, providing you with a comprehensive guide to ASHRAE 90.1.
What is ASHRAE 90.1 and why is it important?
ASHRAE 90.1 is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard published by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) and jointly sponsored by the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES). It provides minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design of most sites and buildings, except low-rise residential buildings (i.e., single-family homes, multi-family buildings less than four stories high, mobile homes, and modular homes). It covers many aspects of energy management, such as insulation, lighting, heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), service water heating, renewable energy, and more.
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ASHRAE 90.1 is important because it is a benchmark for commercial building energy codes in the United States and a key basis for codes and standards around the world. It aims to reduce the energy consumption and environmental impact of buildings, while ensuring comfort, health, safety, and performance for occupants and users. It also helps building owners and operators save money on energy bills and maintenance costs.
The history and evolution of ASHRAE 90.1
ASHRAE 90.1 was originally published in 1975 as a response to the energy crisis of the 1970s. It was based on the work of two previous standards: ASHRAE 90-75, which addressed energy conservation in new building design, and ASHRAE 100-77, which addressed energy conservation in existing buildings.
Since then, ASHRAE 90.1 has been updated and revised every three years to reflect the latest advances in technology, research, and best practices. The current version is ASHRAE 90.1-2019, which incorporates over 100 addenda to the previous version (ASHRAE 90.1-2016). According to ASHRAE, the 2019 edition achieves an average energy cost savings of about 14.8% compared to the 2016 edition.
The scope and applicability of ASHRAE 90.1
ASHRAE 90.1 applies to all buildings except low-rise residential buildings within the following categories:
New buildings and their systems
New portions of buildings and their systems
New systems and equipment in existing buildings
ASHRAE 90.1 does not apply to:
Single-family houses, multi-family structures of three stories or fewer above grade, manufactured houses (mobile homes), and manufactured houses (modular)
Buildings that use neither electricity nor fossil fuel for space conditioning, water heating, or lighting
Buildings that are not permanently attached to the ground
Buildings that are intended to remain in service for less than two years
Buildings and equipment that are used primarily for industrial, manufacturing, or commercial processes
Equipment and portions of building systems that use energy primarily to provide for industrial, manufacturing, or commercial processes
ASHRAE 90.1 is a voluntary standard that can be adopted by local jurisdictions as part of their building codes. However, some federal, state, and local laws and regulations may require compliance with ASHRAE 90.1 or equivalent standards for certain types of buildings or projects. For example, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) requires that federal buildings meet or exceed ASHRAE 90.1, and many states have adopted ASHRAE 90.1 as their minimum energy code for commercial buildings.
The main features and benefits of ASHRAE 90.1
ASHRAE 90.1 covers the design and construction of the building envelope, mechanical systems, service water heating systems, electrical power and lighting systems, and other equipment and systems that affect the energy use of a building. It also addresses the operation and maintenance of these systems and equipment.
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ASHRAE 90.1 provides minimum requirements for each of these aspects, as well as mandatory provisions that apply to all buildings regardless of the compliance path chosen. It also provides prescriptive tables and values for specific components and systems, such as insulation levels, window performance, lighting power densities, equipment efficiencies, and more.
ASHRAE 90.1 also offers performance-based options for demonstrating compliance, such as energy cost budget method, energy performance rating method, and building performance rating method. These methods allow for more flexibility and innovation in design, as long as the proposed design meets or exceeds the energy performance of a baseline design that complies with the prescriptive requirements.
The benefits of complying with ASHRAE 90.1 include:
Reducing the energy consumption and environmental impact of buildings
Improving the comfort, health, safety, and performance of occupants and users
Saving money on energy bills and maintenance costs
Enhancing the marketability and value of buildings
Supporting the goals of green building programs and certifications
How to comply with ASHRAE 90.1?
To comply with ASHRAE 90.1, you need to follow the steps below:
The prescriptive and performance paths of compliance
The first step is to choose a path of compliance: prescriptive or performance. The prescriptive path requires that you follow the specific requirements for each component and system in your building design, as specified in the standard. The performance path allows you to use alternative designs or technologies that achieve the same or better energy performance than the prescriptive requirements.
The prescriptive path is simpler and more straightforward, but it may limit your design options and creativity. The performance path is more flexible and innovative, but it may require more analysis and documentation to prove compliance.
The documentation and verification requirements of compliance
The second step is to document your compliance with ASHRAE 90.1 using the appropriate forms and reports. The standard provides templates and examples for various types of documentation, such as design drawings, calculations, simulations, checklists, certificates, labels, manuals, plans, schedules, logs, tests, inspec